For the last 20+ years, the friendly, affectionate Boxer has been consistently among the top 20 most popular breeds in the United States, according to data by the American Kennel Club—and for good reason. The breed is known for being exceptionally loyal and fond of children, making it a pet for growing families. They make excellent service dogs due to their intelligence and attachment to humans. Plus, their upbeat, goofy nature is absolutely adorable.
While their winning temperament and spirited nature make them a popular choice for dog owners, Boxers are prone to several genetic and lifestyle-related health issues. Familiarizing yourself with Boxer’s common health issues can be helpful when seeking preventative care. Pet parents may also want to consider pet insurance when bringing home a Boxer puppy.
9 Genetic Boxer Health Issues
Contents
“Boxer dogs are bouncy, loveable pets with great personalities,” says Dr. Rebecca MacMillan, BVetMed BSAVA PGCertSAM MRCVS. “When deciding whether to get a Boxer, it’s important to know what health conditions they are prone to so that you can be prepared.” We’ve included insight from MacMillan regarding some of the most common Boxer health issues she’s seen at her clinic.
1. Aortic Stenosis
Boxers can be born with aortic stenosis, or a narrow aortic valve, that forces the heart to work harder than usual when pumping blood. Any breed can be affected, but it is especially prevalent among Boxers.
Symptoms
If the condition becomes severe, your pup may experience:
- Coughing
- Difficulty breathing
- Exercise intolerance
- Lethargy
- Collapse
- Sudden death
Treatment
Mild cases of aortic stenosis don’t require treatment; however, those with moderate-to-severe cases will require lifestyle modification and medication to control symptoms. There is no cure for aortic stenosis.
2. Canine Bloat
Canine bloat, or gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), occurs when gas gets trapped inside an animal’s stomach, causing swelling. In 75% of these cases, the stomach twists (volvulus), obstructing blood flow and breathing. This painful, life-threatening condition occurs primarily in deep-chested, large breeds with a 3.9% to 36.7% lifetime risk. Even with surgical intervention, this painful condition has a 20% mortality rate.
There is no single cause for GDV; current research suggests this condition results from genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include:
- Advanced age
- Anxiety or stress
- Being overweight
- Drinking too much water too quickly
- Eating too quickly or overeating
- Family history of bloat
Symptoms
- Abdominal distention (stomach swelling)
- Lethargy
- Restlessness, pacing, an inability to get comfortable
- Non-productive retching (dry heaving)
Treatment
Bloated dogs without volvulus may be treated without surgery. Your vet will first attempt to release the gas using a tube and stomach pump. Emergency surgery is required to treat GDV. The surgery untwists the stomach, accesses damaged organs, and removes damaged and dead tissue.
Prevention
For dogs predisposed to developing GDV, consider the following preventative tips:
- Consider a snuffle mat or slow feeder to slow down eating
- Create a relaxed, stress-free environment for your dog
- Ensure your dog maintains a healthy weight
- Serve bite-sized portions throughout the day rather than a single large meal
- Restrict water at mealtime to prevent stomach expansion
- Talk to your vet about prophylactic gastropexy, a preventative surgery that can be performed at the same time as spay or neutering
3. Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome
Brachycephaly is a condition characterized by a lower-than-normal skull length to width. The shortened length of these skull bones gives brachycephalic breeds a pushed-in, smooshed appearance to their face. Brachycephalic breeds include the Boxer, Boston Terrier, Bulldog, Bullmastiff, Chow Chow, Pug, Shih Tzu, and more.
Brachycephalic airway syndrome (BOAS) refers to the airway abnormalities that affect these dogs. Also called congenital obstructive upper airway disease, dogs with BOAS will experience increased effort when trying to inhale.
Symptoms
Those dogs with mild cases of BOAS may display noisy breathing, especially when exercising. They may snore when sleeping or snort when overexcited. Dogs severely affected may tire quickly or even faint after exercise. Other symptoms include:
- Coughing
- Gassing
- Poor tolerance to heat
- Retching
- Trouble sleeping
- Vomiting
Treatment
Dogs with BOAS will require surgery to remove excessive tissue that restricts airflow. Typically, this involves widening the nostrils, shortening the soft palate, or removing excess tissue around the larynx.
Prevention
According to the Humane Society Veterinary Medical Alliance (HSVMA), obese dogs are twice as likely to show symptoms of BOAS compared to dogs of a standard body composition. A healthy diet and regular exercise can help your dog maintain a healthy weight. When exercising your dog, use a harness instead of a collar that tugs at the neck area and impedes breathing.
You can also consider corrective surgery at the time of spay or neutering to prevent future breathing issues.
Because this is a hereditary condition, dogs with BOAS should not be used in breeding.
4. Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy is a hereditary disease of the heart muscle that causes the muscles of the heart to become enlarged, thick, or rigid and thus unable to pump blood. There are two forms of this condition in the Boxer breed: arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).
“Boxer dogs can develop a variety of heart problems, but the most common is Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (a disease of the heart muscle),” says Dr. MacMillan.
Commonly called “Boxer Cardiomyopathy,” ARVC is the most common form of cardiomyopathy in Boxers, though it rarely affects other breeds. In ARVC, fatty/fibrofatty tissue replaces normal cardiac tissue, leading to irregular heartbeat, loss of consciousness, and sudden death.
Alternatively, DCM is characterized by enlarged heart chambers. As the heart chambers dilate, the muscles don’t contract normally, resulting in weak heartbeat, shortness of breath, fatigue, and even death.
Symptoms
- Coughing
- Irregular heartbeat
- Rapid breathing
- Reduced ability to exercise
- Syncope (fainting)
- Swollen belly
- Sudden death
Treatment
Your vet may use a combination of drugs to stabilize and support heart function. Diet therapy and nutritional supplementation, such as carnitine and taurine amino acids, may also be recommended to support heart function. Unfortunately, there is no guarantee that these treatment options will succeed. Some dogs may live for years, but there is always a risk of sudden death.
Prevention
“ARVC can also lead to congestive heart failure and sudden death in some dogs,” says Dr. MacMillan. “This is another hereditary condition, so dogs screened as positive genetically for the condition should not be bred from, as it can be passed down the family line.”
While Boxers have a genetic predisposition to cardiomyopathy, studies suggest that lifestyle factors like diet can ward off hereditary diseases through a process called gene regulation. Essentially, “good genes” are “turned on” in a healthy environment, while “bad genes” can be switched off.
In the case of Boxers, sticking to a high-quality diet high in animal protein (a source of the amino acid taurine) may reduce your dog’s risk of developing symptoms of cardiomyopathy. In contrast, a diet high in legumes (e.g., beans, lentils, and peas) may contribute to cardiomyopathy in dogs. In 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) began investigating reports of non-hereditary DCM in dogs eating grain-free dog food—specifically those high in legumes. While the FDA is yet to verify these claims, you may wish to avoid plant-based proteins like legumes as a preventative measure.
5. Cancer
A few types of cancer, in particular, are cause for concern among the Boxer breed, including mast cell tumors, lymphomas, skin hemangiosarcoma, and brain tumors.
Symptoms
Early detection is critical for any cancer. Common warning signs of cancer include:
- Chronic, non-healing wounds
- Decreased appetite
- Difficulty urinating or defecating
- Lymph node enlargement
- Lethargy
- Persistent cough
- Skin lesions
- Unpleasant odor from mouth
- Weight loss
Treatment
“Some types of cancer are amenable to treatment, with a variety of surgical and medical options available now,” says Dr. MacMillan. “But you must seek help for your dog early on to increase their chances of survival.”
Standard cancer treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy (radiotherapy), and surgery. Your veterinarian will help you choose your pup’s best course of action.
Prevention
A healthy diet, regular exercise, and regular medical care are all a part of cancer prevention. You may also wish to add supplements to your pet’s diet for cancer prevention. These include:
- Vitamin E: This fat-soluble vitamin acts as a potent antioxidant, helping remove cell-damaging free radicals from the body
- Quercetin: This flavonoid has been shown to have antitumor and immunomodulatory properties, and research shows that it is especially helpful in preventing and even treating lymphoma.
- Turmeric: Studies show that the compound curcumin in turmeric may kill cancer cells and slow tumor growth
Our Personal Experience With A Boxer With Cancer
Our Boxer, Larkin, started having seizures at nearly 7 years old. An MRI revealed a large mass in his brain, suspected to be a glioma. Due to the tumor’s location and size, our focus shifted to maintaining his quality of life with anti-inflammatory and antiepileptic treatments. Sadly, we lost Larkin just weeks after his first seizure. This was our second young Boxer lost to health issues, the first being a 3-year-old with Cardiomyopathy. Boxers are incredibly smart and loyal family dogs, but it’s important to be aware of their predisposition to certain health problems.
–Jeff Butler, Dog Parent, Canine Journal Partnerships
6. Degenerative Myelopathy
Degenerative myelopathy (DM) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease that results in slow paralysis of the pelvic limbs, typically occurring around eight years of age or older—advanced cases of DM lead to respiratory failure and death. According to VCA Animal Hospitals, the condition is similar to human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Lour Gehrig’s Disease.
The condition is caused by a mutation of the SOD1 gene (SOD1A variant). Dogs with two copies of this variant are at a higher risk of developing DM.
Often, dogs are euthanized within six to 12 months of disease onset due to loss of mobility or respiratory function.
Symptoms
- Difficulty rising
- Hind limb weakness
- Incoordination
- Muscle loss
- Scuffed toenails and hair loss on hind limbs
Treatment
While there is no treatment for DM, the following management tactics are recommended by Cornell University Richard P. Riney Canine Health Center:
- Add pet ramps to your environment
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Physical therapy
- Use cushions, rugs, or yoga mats on hardwood or tiled surfaces
- Use a sling or harness for walking and standing, or consider a wheelchair
- Wear booties to decrease paw damage
Prevention
The only way to prevent DM is to breed dogs selectively. Before purchasing a Boxer, ask your breeder for the SOD1 gene mutation testing results on the parent dogs, proving that they both carry two copies of the normal gene.
7. Hip & Elbow Dysplasia
Hip and elbow dysplasia occur when joints form abnormally, making the joints misaligned and loose. This causes the joint to knock and grind with movement. Over time, wear and tear can cause joint deterioration (osteoarthritis), making walking, jumping, and playing difficult and painful.
Additional factors, including diet, environment, exercise, growth rate, hormones, and muscle mass, affect this genetic disease.
Symptoms
Symptoms of hip and elbow dysplasia can vary depending on the severity of the disease. Common symptoms include:
- Decreased activity, e.g., difficulty or reluctance to stand, run, jump, or climb stairs
- Grating in the joint during movement
- Limited range of motion
- Limping or stiffness
- Pain
Treatment
Early diagnosis can be beneficial when treating hip and elbow dysplasia. If you notice signs that your pet might be experiencing joint problems, visit your vet. Your vet will perform a physical exam, typically followed by blood work and an X-ray.
Treatment may include dietary modulation, physical therapy, weight loss, and anti-inflammatory drugs and supplements. Surgery may be necessary for dogs with advanced cases.
Prevention
“To try and avoid this condition, you should choose a puppy that has been bred from parents who have been professionally hip-scored,” says Dr. MacMillan. “Only dogs with a good score should be mated to increase the chances of their offspring also having good hips.”
Feed your puppy in controlled proportions to promote slow, steady growth. Excessive calories can cause rapid growth and weight gain, which are risk factors for dogs with a genetic predisposition.
Diet and exercise can help keep your dog at a healthy weight. As a preventative measure, you may also consider joint supplements.
8. Histiocytic Ulcerative Colitis
Histiocytic ulcerative colitis (HUC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and sores (ulcers) in the lining of the large intestine. It is believed that this condition is caused by a combination of factors, including genetics, stress, infections, and food allergies.
Symptoms
- Diarrhea, soft stools that contain blood or mucous
- Gas
- Lack of appetite
- Pain when passing stool
- Weight loss
Treatment
Treatment of HUC varies depending on the severity of the disease and may include antimicrobials and anti-inflammatory drugs. Your veterinarian may also recommend dietary changes, such as increased fiber.
9. Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid condition. The thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, causing a decreased metabolic rate. According to VCA Animal Hospitals, this endocrine disease is most likely to affect middle-aged dogs (6-7 years) and may be more common in neutered males and spayed females.
Symptoms
The symptoms of hypothyroidism are far-reaching, affecting virtually every organ in the body. Common signs of hypothyroidism include:
- Cold intolerance
- Dark pigmentation of the skin
- Dry, dull hair
- Excessive shedding, balding
- High blood cholesterol
- Lethargy (lack of energy)
- Mental dullness
- Recurring infections (skin and ear)
- Reproductive issues
- Thickening of skin
- Slow heart rate
- Weight gain, obesity
Treatment
Your veterinarian will use a blood test to diagnose hypothyroidism. If your pet is diagnosed with hypothyroidism, your vet will likely prescribe a synthetic thyroid hormone replacement, typically the drug levothyroxine. This oral medication must be continued daily for the rest of your pet’s life. Your dog will likely need regular blood tests to track their progress until hormone levels stabilize.
A healthy diet can also ensure your furry friend feels their best. Your vet may prescribe dog food for your pet’s treatment. You can also consult a pet nutritionist or holistic vet for a diet plan for your dog’s needs.
Prevention
There is no way to prevent hypothyroidism; however, regular veterinary visits can diagnose this condition earlier.
More Boxer Health Issues
Consider these other Boxer health issues when seeking preventative care for your pup.
- Acne: Dog breeds that have short coats and/or wrinkly skin with folds are more susceptible to acne. Make sure to keep your pup’s skin and fur clean. Thankfully, plenty of creams, washes, and oral treatments help treat this condition.
- Anxiety: Boxers are prone to separation anxiety and may become highly anxious when separated from their favorite family members. Supporting dogs with anxiety includes a combination of training, environmental enrichment, and supplements or prescription medication.
- Arthritis: The inflammation and swelling of the joints associated with arthritis can be painful and lead to mobility issues. To prevent osteoarthritis, ensure your pup stays active and at a healthy weight.
- Eye Problems: Boxers are prone to several eye problems, most likely due to their facial structure. Eye health issues for Boxers include cherry eye, corneal dystrophy, and dry eye. Talk to your vet about preventative eye care, including eye drops, healthy oils, and other supplements.
“White Boxer dogs have a particular issue of their own—they are much more likely to be deaf than their colored counterparts,” says Dr. MacMillan. “This is a hereditary issue, meaning they are much more likely to carry the gene for deafness. Many white Boxers can hear ok, so being white doesn’t automatically mean they will be deaf, however.”
Our Personal Experience With Boxer Anxiety
One of my favorite dogs, Duke, is a purebred Boxer. He is a very lovable pup but requires an extra special touch. Duke has extreme separation anxiety, which means he cannot be left alone for very long. Duke is a rescue pup, and we don’t know much about his background, but he has a very hard time being left behind for even just a few minutes. His entire body starts shaking, and he pants heavily while becoming very withdrawn.
In order to help soothe his anxiety, Duke was crate trained, which took quite a long time. Now, he is comfy and safe in his crate when left home alone. Duke gets a walk beforehand to tire him out a little, so he has less energy to spend on being anxious. He has a few favorite toys that stay with him and a special blanket. He always gets told goodbye, with the TV left on, and has a special treat when he is let out again. Along with that, CBD and hemp-based doggie treats have really helped soothe his nerves. Using a compression wrap like a ThunderShirt has also helped calm Duke down so he is able to be left alone for a few hours at a time.
Keeping Duke happy and safe is a big priority and has required major lifestyle changes for his humans. This took some getting used to, as he is a super high-strung dog. He is very healthy otherwise, but the anxiety has been a big challenge. Now, after several years of consistency and a solid routine, he is doing much better. However, whenever there is a change, even a slight one, the anxiety gets very bad again. Even now, his owners cannot leave him for more than about three hours and rarely, if ever, go out of town without Duke accompanying them due to his extreme reaction when they leave him overnight anywhere.
–Danielle DeGroot, Rescue Dog Parent, Canine Journal Research & Writing
Common Pet Insurance Claims Filed With Fetch
According to Fetch Pet Insurance, the three most common Boxer health issues parents file claims for are mass lesions or swelling, gastric issues (bloat), and ACL tears. Associated costs for these health problems over a lifetime are as follows:
- Mass lesions or swelling: $3,860 to $7,640
- Gastric issues (bloat): $2,070 to $3,500
- ACL tears: $6,450 to $7,900
In one case, Fetch Pet Insurance customer Cheryl saved over $2,000 in vet bills when her pet Boxer, Roxi, began showing strange symptoms.
Health Testing For Boxers
When purchasing a dog from a breeder, always confirm they’ve done health testing. Reputable breeders use genetic testing to track their dogs’ health through generations to minimize the likelihood of inherited health conditions. The American Boxer Club recommends that all breeders screen their dogs for the following inherited Boxer health issues:
- Aortic valve disease (aortic stenosis)
- Boxer cardiomyopathy
- Degenerative myelopathy
- Hip/elbow dysplasia
- Hypothyroidism
If you already have a Boxer, consider purchasing a DNA health test. These tests can give you a better understanding of your pet’s health risks so that you can create a proactive health plan. Some DNA tests even offer a vet consultation once you’ve received your dog’s results so that you can receive answers to follow-up questions.
View our picks for the best dog DNA tests.
Frequently Asked Questions
Here are some questions our readers frequently ask about Boxer health issues. Don’t see yours? Ask us in the comments.
What Is The Life Expectancy Of A Boxer?
The lifespan of a Boxer averages 10 to 12 years.
How Do I Keep My Boxer Healthy?
You can take many steps to keep your pooch in good health. I recommend that you focus on the following:
- Diet: A quality diet may delay the onset or alleviate symptoms of health conditions.
- Exercise: Make sure your puppy gets plenty of physical activity daily, whether walking, running, or playing a game of fetch. Not only does this keep your pet physically fit, but you’ll also benefit from the quality time together.
- Mental health: To reduce your dog’s stress and prevent boredom, provide opportunities for play and socialization.
- Preventative care: Vaccinations, dental cleanings, parasite prevention, and quick illness diagnosis are all part of preventative care.
How Can I Reduce My Vet Bills?
A quality diet and regular exercise will play a significant role in reducing Boxer health issues and your dog’s medical bills. But in the event of an accident or illness, having a pet insurance plan is a great way to lower your unexpected vet bills. We’ve ranked the best pet insurance companies in 2024 according to best coverage, best value, best for pre-existing conditions, and more.
Why Trust Canine Journal?
As with all living creatures, Boxers may have unexpected health issues. Tara has experienced the decline and loss of a beloved pet, which is just one of the reasons why she is dedicated to ensuring our readers have the information they need to provide the best quality of life for their furry friends. Tara is part of the Canine Journal team, which has over a decade of experience researching, testing, and writing about anything and everything dog-related. She also has 8+ years of experience in the wellness industry, with expertise in pet nutrition and supplementation.